This paper is a study of women’s professional statuses in the Soviet scientific community in the 1930s. Based on the unpublished materials of the Staff Training Sector of the Central Department of National Economy Statistics (Tsentral’noye upravlenie narodnokhozyaistvennogo ucheta), the paper tackles the problem of women’s meeting the qualification requirements for researcher categories after the practices of granting academic degrees and ranks were reintroduced in 1934. The author notes a small proportion of women in the Soviet scientific community of the 1930s. Women scientists were mostly employed in the sphere of applied natural and medical sciences and concentrated in the echelons of junior research workers (mladshii nauchnyi rabotnik) and acting docents and acting senior research workers. The paper arrives at a conclusion about mostly low-level qualifications of the female scientific personnel notwithstanding some brilliant female scientific figures of that time.