This paper describes the content of a lecture titled “Russian mathematicians’ priority and leading role in the landmark scientific discoveries” that was read by A. P. Yushkevich on March 27, 1951. This lecture was discovered in the Central Archive of the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast. It is conjectured that the reason for Yushkevich’s lecture was the campaign denouncing ideological mistakes in the course on the history of mathematics, made by A. G. Mayer, Professor at Gorky University, that had been rolled out at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Gorky University in 1950/1951.